<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width">
<meta name="theme-color" content="#222"><meta name="generator" content="Hexo 7.3.0">

  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/images/apple-touch-icon-next.png">
  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/images/favicon-32x32.ico">
  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/images/favicon-16x16.ico">
  <link rel="mask-icon" href="/images/logo.svg" color="#222">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/main.css">



<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.5.1/css/all.min.css" integrity="sha256-wiz7ZSCn/btzhjKDQBms9Hx4sSeUYsDrTLg7roPstac=" crossorigin="anonymous">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animate.css/3.1.1/animate.min.css" integrity="sha256-PR7ttpcvz8qrF57fur/yAx1qXMFJeJFiA6pSzWi0OIE=" crossorigin="anonymous">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fancyapps-ui/5.0.28/fancybox/fancybox.css" integrity="sha256-6cQIC71/iBIYXFK+0RHAvwmjwWzkWd+r7v/BX3/vZDc=" crossorigin="anonymous">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/pace/1.2.4/themes/green/pace-theme-minimal.css">
  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/pace/1.2.4/pace.min.js" integrity="sha256-gqd7YTjg/BtfqWSwsJOvndl0Bxc8gFImLEkXQT8+qj0=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

<script class="next-config" data-name="main" type="application/json">{"hostname":"sumumm.github.io","root":"/","images":"/images","scheme":"Gemini","darkmode":false,"version":"8.19.2","exturl":false,"sidebar":{"position":"left","display":"post","padding":18,"offset":12},"copycode":{"enable":true,"style":"mac"},"fold":{"enable":true,"height":300},"bookmark":{"enable":false,"color":"#222","save":"auto"},"mediumzoom":false,"lazyload":true,"pangu":false,"comments":{"style":"tabs","active":null,"storage":true,"lazyload":false,"nav":null},"stickytabs":false,"motion":{"enable":true,"async":true,"transition":{"menu_item":"fadeInDown","post_block":"fadeIn","post_header":"fadeInDown","post_body":"fadeInDown","coll_header":"fadeInLeft","sidebar":"fadeInUp"}},"i18n":{"placeholder":"搜索...","empty":"没有找到任何搜索结果：${query}","hits_time":"找到 ${hits} 个搜索结果（用时 ${time} 毫秒）","hits":"找到 ${hits} 个搜索结果"},"path":"/search.xml","localsearch":{"enable":true,"trigger":"auto","top_n_per_article":1,"unescape":false,"preload":false}}</script><script src="/js/config.js"></script>

    <meta name="description" content="本文主要是shell——基础知识相关笔记，若笔记中有错误或者不合适的地方，欢迎批评指正😃。">
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
<meta property="og:title" content="LV02-02-shell-01-基础知识">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://sumumm.github.io/post/b8367f35.html">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="苏木">
<meta property="og:description" content="本文主要是shell——基础知识相关笔记，若笔记中有错误或者不合适的地方，欢迎批评指正😃。">
<meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV02-%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/LV02-02-shell-01-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86/img/image-20220208183011203.png">
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2022-02-21T01:53:05.000Z">
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2025-06-13T16:25:56.987Z">
<meta property="article:author" content="苏木">
<meta property="article:tag" content="LV02-编译基础">
<meta property="article:tag" content="shell脚本">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV02-%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/LV02-02-shell-01-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86/img/image-20220208183011203.png">


<link rel="canonical" href="https://sumumm.github.io/post/b8367f35.html">



<script class="next-config" data-name="page" type="application/json">{"sidebar":"","isHome":false,"isPost":true,"lang":"zh-CN","comments":true,"permalink":"https://sumumm.github.io/post/b8367f35.html","path":"post/b8367f35.html","title":"LV02-02-shell-01-基础知识"}</script>

<script class="next-config" data-name="calendar" type="application/json">""</script>
<title>LV02-02-shell-01-基础知识 | 苏木</title>
  








    <script src="/js/browser_tools_disable.js"></script>

  <noscript>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/noscript.css">
  </noscript>
<!-- hexo injector head_end start --><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/hexo-next-tags-plus@latest/lib/tag_plus.css" media="defer" onload="this.media='all'"><!-- hexo injector head_end end --></head>

<body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" class="use-motion">
  <div class="headband"></div>

  <main class="main">
    <div class="column">
      <header class="header" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader"><div class="site-brand-container">
  <div class="site-nav-toggle">
    <div class="toggle" aria-label="切换导航栏" role="button">
        <span class="toggle-line"></span>
        <span class="toggle-line"></span>
        <span class="toggle-line"></span>
    </div>
  </div>

  <div class="site-meta">

    <a href="/" class="brand" rel="start">
      <i class="logo-line"></i>
      <p class="site-title">苏木</p>
      <i class="logo-line"></i>
    </a>
      <p class="site-subtitle" itemprop="description">我的学习之路</p>
  </div>

  <div class="site-nav-right">
    <div class="toggle popup-trigger" aria-label="搜索" role="button">
        <i class="fa fa-search fa-fw fa-lg"></i>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>



<nav class="site-nav">
  <ul class="main-menu menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-home"><a href="/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-home fa-fw"></i>苏木的家</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-categories"><a href="/categories/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-th fa-fw"></i>分类页<span class="badge">42</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-archives"><a href="/archives/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-archive fa-fw"></i>归档页<span class="badge">673</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-flink"><a href="/flink/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-link fa-fw"></i>友人帐</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-about"><a href="/about/" rel="section"><i class="fa fa-user fa-fw"></i>关于我</a></li>
      <li class="menu-item menu-item-search">
        <a role="button" class="popup-trigger"><i class="fa fa-search fa-fw"></i>搜索
        </a>
      </li>
  </ul>
</nav>



  <div class="search-pop-overlay">
    <div class="popup search-popup"><div class="search-header">
  <span class="search-icon">
    <i class="fa fa-search"></i>
  </span>
  <div class="search-input-container">
    <input autocomplete="off" autocapitalize="off" maxlength="80"
           placeholder="搜索..." spellcheck="false"
           type="search" class="search-input">
  </div>
  <span class="popup-btn-close" role="button">
    <i class="fa fa-times-circle"></i>
  </span>
</div>
<div class="search-result-container no-result">
  <div class="search-result-icon">
    <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-5x"></i>
  </div>
</div>

    </div>
  </div>

</header>
        
  
  <aside class="sidebar">

    <div class="sidebar-inner sidebar-nav-active sidebar-toc-active">
      <ul class="sidebar-nav">
        <li class="sidebar-nav-toc">
          文章目录
        </li>
        <li class="sidebar-nav-overview">
          站点概览
        </li>
      </ul>

      <div class="sidebar-panel-container">
        <!--noindex-->
        <div class="post-toc-wrap sidebar-panel">
            <div class="post-toc animated"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%B8%80%E3%80%81%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF-shell"><span class="nav-text">一、什么是 shell ?</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%81%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF-shell-%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC"><span class="nav-text">二、什么是 shell 脚本?</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%B8%89%E3%80%81-Hello-World"><span class="nav-text">三、 Hello World! </span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E5%9B%9B%E3%80%81shell%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A%E5%99%A8"><span class="nav-text">四、shell脚本解释器</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E5%91%BD%E4%BB%A4"><span class="nav-text">1.相关命令</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-1%E6%9F%A5%E7%9C%8B%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%9A%84shell%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A%E5%99%A8"><span class="nav-text">1.1查看支持的shell解释器</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-2%E5%BD%93%E5%89%8D%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%98%AF%E5%93%AA%E4%B8%AA%EF%BC%9F"><span class="nav-text">1.2当前使用的是哪个？</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%98%AF%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A%E5%99%A8%EF%BC%9F"><span class="nav-text">2.什么是解释器？</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-%E5%B8%B8%E8%A7%81%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A%E5%99%A8"><span class="nav-text">3.常见解释器</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-1-bash"><span class="nav-text">3.1 bash</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-2-sh"><span class="nav-text">3.2 sh</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-1"><a class="nav-link" href="#%E4%BA%94%E3%80%81%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C-Shell-%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%EF%BC%9F"><span class="nav-text">五、如何运行 Shell 脚本？</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#1-%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F"><span class="nav-text">1.使用 .&#x2F; 的方式</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#2-sh%E6%88%96bash-%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E6%88%96%E7%BB%9D%E5%AF%B9%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84"><span class="nav-text">2. sh或bash + 脚本相对或绝对路径</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-2"><a class="nav-link" href="#3-%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E6%88%96%E7%BB%9D%E5%AF%B9%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E6%89%A7%E8%A1%8C"><span class="nav-text">3.相对路径或绝对路径执行</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div>
        </div>
        <!--/noindex-->

        <div class="site-overview-wrap sidebar-panel">
          <div class="site-author animated" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
    <img class="site-author-image" itemprop="image" alt="苏木"
      src="/images/avatar.jpg">
  <p class="site-author-name" itemprop="name">苏木</p>
  <div class="site-description" itemprop="description">莫道桑榆晚，为霞尚满天</div>
</div>
<div class="site-state-wrap animated">
  <nav class="site-state">
      <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
        <a href="/archives/">
          <span class="site-state-item-count">673</span>
          <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
        </a>
      </div>
      <div class="site-state-item site-state-categories">
          <a href="/categories/">
        <span class="site-state-item-count">42</span>
        <span class="site-state-item-name">分类</span></a>
      </div>
      <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
        <span class="site-state-item-count">43</span>
        <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span>
      </div>
  </nav>
</div>
  <div class="links-of-author animated">
      <span class="links-of-author-item">
        <a href="https://github.com/sumumm" title="GitHub → https:&#x2F;&#x2F;github.com&#x2F;sumumm" rel="noopener me" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-github fa-fw"></i>GitHub</a>
      </span>
  </div>

        </div>
      </div>
    </div>

    
  </aside>


    </div>

    <div class="main-inner post posts-expand">


  


<div class="post-block">
  
  

  <article itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article" class="post-content" lang="zh-CN">
    <link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://sumumm.github.io/post/b8367f35.html">

    <span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
      <meta itemprop="image" content="/images/avatar.jpg">
      <meta itemprop="name" content="苏木">
    </span>

    <span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
      <meta itemprop="name" content="苏木">
      <meta itemprop="description" content="莫道桑榆晚，为霞尚满天">
    </span>

    <span hidden itemprop="post" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/CreativeWork">
      <meta itemprop="name" content="LV02-02-shell-01-基础知识 | 苏木">
      <meta itemprop="description" content="">
    </span>
      <header class="post-header">
        <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">
          LV02-02-shell-01-基础知识
        </h1>

        <div class="post-meta-container">
          <div class="post-meta">
    <span class="post-meta-item">
      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
        <i class="far fa-calendar"></i>
      </span>
      <span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span>

      <time title="创建时间：2022-02-21 09:53:05" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2022-02-21T09:53:05+08:00">2022-02-21</time>
    </span>
    <span class="post-meta-item">
      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
        <i class="far fa-folder"></i>
      </span>
      <span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span>
        <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
          <a href="/categories/%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">嵌入式开发</span></a>
        </span>
          ，
        <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
          <a href="/categories/%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">01HQ课程体系</span></a>
        </span>
          ，
        <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
          <a href="/categories/%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV02-%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/" itemprop="url" rel="index"><span itemprop="name">LV02-编译基础</span></a>
        </span>
    </span>

  
    <span class="post-meta-break"></span>
    <span class="post-meta-item" title="本文字数">
      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
        <i class="far fa-file-word"></i>
      </span>
      <span class="post-meta-item-text">本文字数：</span>
      <span>2.3k</span>
    </span>
    <span class="post-meta-item" title="阅读时长">
      <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
        <i class="far fa-clock"></i>
      </span>
      <span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 &asymp;</span>
      <span>8 分钟</span>
    </span>
</div>

        </div>
      </header>

    
    
    
    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>本文主要是shell——基础知识相关笔记，若笔记中有错误或者不合适的地方，欢迎批评指正😃。</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<!-- Photo: https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV02-%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/LV02-02-shell-01-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86/img/ -->

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看使用工具及版本 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu16.04的64位版本</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 16 Pro</td>        <td align="left">16.2.3 build-19376536</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">SecureCRT</td>        <td align="left">Version 8.7.2 (x64 build 2214)   -   正式版-2020年5月14日</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子 i.MX6ULL Linux阿尔法开发板</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">uboot</td>        <td align="left">NXP官方提供的uboot，NXP提供的版本为uboot-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga(使用的uboot版本为U-Boot 2016.03)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">linux内核</td>        <td align="left">linux-4.15(NXP官方提供)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">STM32开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子战舰V3(STM32F103ZET6)</td>      </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr><td align="center">参考方向  </td><td align="center">参考原文</td></tr>    <tr><td align="left">---</td><td align="left"><a href="" target="_blank">--- <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td></tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看相关文件下载 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">---</td>        <td align="left">--- <a href="" target="_blank">  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i></a></td>      </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<h1 id="一、什么是-shell"><a href="#一、什么是-shell" class="headerlink" title="一、什么是 shell ?"></a><font size=3>一、什么是 shell ?</font></h1><p>shell 是一个用  C  语言编写的<strong>程序</strong>，它是用户使用  Linux  的桥梁。既是一种<strong>命令语言</strong>，又是一种<strong>程序设计语言</strong>。 Shell  是指一种<strong>应用程序</strong>，这个应用程序提供了一个界面，用户通过这个界面访问操作系统内核的服务。</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/01HQ%E8%AF%BE%E7%A8%8B%E4%BD%93%E7%B3%BB/LV02-%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/LV02-02-shell-01-%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86/img/image-20220208183011203.png" style="zoom:70%;" />

<h1 id="二、什么是-shell-脚本"><a href="#二、什么是-shell-脚本" class="headerlink" title="二、什么是 shell 脚本?"></a><font size=3>二、什么是 shell 脚本?</font></h1><p> shell 脚本语言是解释型语言，本质是 shell 命令的有序集合， 一般 shell 脚本文件的后缀名称是 .sh 。</p>
<p><strong>【注意】</strong>shell脚本文件就是一个文本文件，只是后缀名建议使用  .sh  结尾，之后其实也会遇到很多根本就没有后缀的shell脚本文件。</p>
<h1 id="三、-Hello-World"><a href="#三、-Hello-World" class="headerlink" title="三、 Hello World! "></a><font size=3>三、 Hello World! </font></h1><figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">!/bin/bash</span></span><br><span class="line">echo &quot;Hello World!&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这段代码是一个最简单的 shell 脚本程序，就像 C 语言学习时的第一个 hello world 程序一样。</p>
<ul>
<li>第一行： #!  是一个约定的标记，它告诉系统这个脚本需要什么解释器来执行，即使用哪一种 shell 。这里就是设置当前shell脚本文件采用 bash 解析器运行脚本代码</li>
<li>第二行：echo 命令用于向命令行窗口输出文本，这个后边会再学习。</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="四、shell脚本解释器"><a href="#四、shell脚本解释器" class="headerlink" title="四、shell脚本解释器"></a><font size=3>四、shell脚本解释器</font></h1><p>这部分是后边补充的，会涉及根文件系统的概念，这其实就是我们后边做linux内核移植的时候会做的事情。</p>
<h2 id="1-相关命令"><a href="#1-相关命令" class="headerlink" title="1.相关命令"></a><font size=3>1.相关命令</font></h2><h3 id="1-1查看支持的shell解释器"><a href="#1-1查看支持的shell解释器" class="headerlink" title="1.1查看支持的shell解释器"></a><font size=3>1.1查看支持的shell解释器</font></h3><p>我们可以在linux中执行以下命令看一下（注意这个命令查看的是一个文件，我们要是在自己移植的根文件系统的话，可能没有这个文件，就看不到啦）：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo cat /etc/shells</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后会看到如下输出信息：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">/etc/shells: valid login shells</span></span><br><span class="line">/bin/sh</span><br><span class="line">/bin/dash</span><br><span class="line">/bin/bash</span><br><span class="line">/bin/rbash</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>可以看到我当前使用的ubuntu中支持这几种shell脚本解释器。</p>
<h3 id="1-2当前使用的是哪个？"><a href="#1-2当前使用的是哪个？" class="headerlink" title="1.2当前使用的是哪个？"></a><font size=3>1.2当前使用的是哪个？</font></h3><p>那当前系统使用的是哪一个解释器呢？我们可以使用以下命令查看：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">echo $SHELL</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这个是可以在移植的根文件系统上使用的，因为它打印的是当前shell的环境变量的值。</p>
<h2 id="2-什么是解释器？"><a href="#2-什么是解释器？" class="headerlink" title="2.什么是解释器？"></a><font size=3>2.什么是解释器？</font></h2><p>这个嘛，其实就是指shell本身，前边说什么是shell的时候就解释过了其实，我自己的理解就是，shell解释器就是运行shell脚本的那个工具，它担任着类似翻译官的角色，也是一个桥梁，用户通过这个桥梁访问操作系统内核的服务。</p>
<h2 id="3-常见解释器"><a href="#3-常见解释器" class="headerlink" title="3.常见解释器"></a><font size=3>3.常见解释器</font></h2><p>上边我们已经知道怎么查看当前系统支持的shell解释器了，接下来做一个简单的了解吧，这里就简单介绍下bash和sh，关于dash和其他的就暂时不做介绍了。</p>
<h3 id="3-1-bash"><a href="#3-1-bash" class="headerlink" title="3.1 bash"></a><font size=3>3.1 bash</font></h3><p>bash(Bourne-Again Shell) ，Unix shell的一种，在1987年由布莱恩·福克斯为了GNU计划而编写。1989年发布第一个正式版本，原先是计划用在GNU操作系统上，但能运行于大多数类Unix系统的操作系统之上，包括Linux与Mac OS X v10.4起至macOS Mojave都将它作为默认shell，而自macOS Catalina，默认Shell以zsh取代。</p>
<h3 id="3-2-sh"><a href="#3-2-sh" class="headerlink" title="3.2 sh"></a><font size=3>3.2 sh</font></h3><p>sh是啥呢？我们看一下这个文件：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ls -alh /bin/sh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后会看到以下输出结果：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 8月  18 08:50 /bin/sh -&gt; dash</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>发现它是一个超链接，GNU&#x2F;Linux 操作系统中的 &#x2F;bin&#x2F;sh 本是 bash 的符号链接，但鉴于 bash 过于复杂，有人把 bash 从 NetBSD 移植到 Linux 并更名为 dash (Debian Almquist Shell)，并建议将 &#x2F;bin&#x2F;sh 指向它，以获得更快的脚本执行速度。Dash Shell 比 Bash Shell 小的多，符合POSIX标准。</p>
<p>其实我们是可以修改sh，让其指向bash的，我们可以在终端执行：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo dpkg-reconfigure dash</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后就会弹出一个菜单界面</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">┌─────────────────────────────┤ 正在设定 dash ├─────────────────────────────┐</span><br><span class="line">│                                                                           │ </span><br><span class="line">│ The system shell is the default command interpreter for shell scripts.    │ </span><br><span class="line">│                                                                           │ </span><br><span class="line">│ Using dash as the system shell will improve the system&#x27;s overall          │ </span><br><span class="line">│ performance. It does not alter the shell presented to interactive users.  │ </span><br><span class="line">│                                                                           │ </span><br><span class="line">│ Use dash as the default system shell (/bin/sh)?                           │ </span><br><span class="line">│                                                                           │ </span><br><span class="line">│                    &lt;是&gt;                        &lt;否&gt;                       │ </span><br><span class="line">│                                                                           │ </span><br><span class="line">└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们选择否就可以让sh指向bash啦，然后会出现以下提示信息：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">正在删除 dash 导致 /bin/sh 转移到 /bin/sh.distrib</span><br><span class="line">正在添加 bash 导致 /bin/sh 转移到 /bin/sh.distrib</span><br><span class="line">正在删除 dash 导致 /usr/share/man/man1/sh.1.gz 转移到 /usr/share/man/man1/sh.distrib.1.gz</span><br><span class="line">正在添加 bash 导致 /usr/share/man/man1/sh.1.gz 转移到 /usr/share/man/man1/sh.distrib.1.gz</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后我们重新看一下这个超链接，就会发现它指向了bash了已经。</p>
<p><strong>【注意】</strong>需要注意的是dash和bash有一些语法是不太一样的，所以我们写脚本的时候使用sh作为解释器的时候，有时候可能会出现问题，这个时候我们要知道是bash和dash语法有区别就可以了。</p>
<h1 id="五、如何运行-Shell-脚本？"><a href="#五、如何运行-Shell-脚本？" class="headerlink" title="五、如何运行 Shell 脚本？"></a><font size=3>五、如何运行 Shell 脚本？</font></h1><h2 id="1-使用-的方式"><a href="#1-使用-的方式" class="headerlink" title="1.使用 .&#x2F; 的方式"></a><font size=3>1.使用 .&#x2F; 的方式</font></h2><p>这种方式就是必须要进入脚本所在的目录中，才能执行脚本文件。</p>
<p>（1）进入 shell 脚本所在目录</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd &lt;file_path&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>（2）赋予 shell 文件执行权限</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">chmod permissions file_name.sh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p> permissions 为要赋予文件的权限（常用777或者740，保证文件具有可执行权限即可）。</p>
<p>（3）执行 shell 脚本文件</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">./file_name.sh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="2-sh或bash-脚本相对或绝对路径"><a href="#2-sh或bash-脚本相对或绝对路径" class="headerlink" title="2. sh或bash + 脚本相对或绝对路径"></a><font size=3>2. sh或bash + 脚本相对或绝对路径</font></h2><p>这种方式我们并不需要这个脚本有 +x（也就是可执行权限）。这种方式以我们以这个脚本为例：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_">#</span><span class="language-bash">!/bin/sh</span></span><br><span class="line">echo &quot;hello world&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>我们把它放在 &#x2F;home&#x2F;hk&#x2F;6temp 目录下，然后到家目录下执行以下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">使用bash</span></span><br><span class="line">bash 6temp/test.sh</span><br><span class="line">bash /home/hk/6temp/test.sh</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">使用sh</span></span><br><span class="line">sh 6temp/test.sh</span><br><span class="line">sh /home/hk/6temp/test.sh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>会发现都是可以正常执行的。</p>
<h2 id="3-相对路径或绝对路径执行"><a href="#3-相对路径或绝对路径执行" class="headerlink" title="3.相对路径或绝对路径执行"></a><font size=3>3.相对路径或绝对路径执行</font></h2><p>其实还有一种使用相对路径或者绝对路径的方式执行脚本，可以不适用bash和sh作为执行命令的前缀，这样在一些我们并不清楚使用的解释器是什么的情况下就比较方便。但是这种方式要求脚本文件具有可执行权限（+x）。我们这次到 test.sh 的上一级目录进行测试：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">赋予可执行权限</span></span><br><span class="line">chmod +x 6temp/test.sh</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">相对路径执行</span></span><br><span class="line">6temp/test.sh</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">绝对路径执行</span></span><br><span class="line">/home/hk/6temp/test.sh</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>会发现这两种方式都是可以正常执行脚本文件的。</p>
<p><strong>【注意】</strong>其实上边的 .&#x2F; 的方式就属于相对路径执行脚本的方式，只是是在脚本文件所在目录中执行的，但是这里需要注意，若是在脚本所在目录使用相对路径执行脚本的话，一定要加上 .&#x2F; ，否则是找不到这脚本的，当然，也可以将其添加到环境变量中去，这样就可以不需要 .&#x2F; 了。</p>

    </div>

    
    
    

    <footer class="post-footer">




    <div>
        
            <div style="text-align:center;color: #ccc;font-size:14px;">
            ----------本文结束
            <i class="fas fa-fan fa-spin" style="color: #FF1493; font-size: 1rem"></i>
            感谢您的阅读----------
            </div>
        
    </div>





  
  <div class="my_post_copyright"> 
    <p><span>文章标题:</span><a href="/post/b8367f35.html">LV02-02-shell-01-基础知识</a></p>
    <p><span>文章作者:</span><a href="/" title="欢迎访问 《苏木》 的学习笔记">苏木</a></p>
    <p><span>发布时间:</span>2022年02月21日 - 09:53</p>
    <p><span>最后更新:</span>2025年06月14日 - 00:25</p>
    <p><span>原始链接:</span><a href="/post/b8367f35.html" title="LV02-02-shell-01-基础知识">https://sumumm.github.io/post/b8367f35.html</a></p>
    <p><span>许可协议:</span><i class="fab fa-creative-commons"></i> <a rel="license" href= "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" target="_blank" title="Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)">署名-非商业性使用-禁止演绎 4.0 国际</a> 转载请保留原文链接及作者。</p>  
  </div>
  


          <div class="post-tags">
              <a href="/tags/LV02-%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80/" rel="tag"><i class="fa fa-tag"></i> LV02-编译基础</a>
              <a href="/tags/shell%E8%84%9A%E6%9C%AC/" rel="tag"><i class="fa fa-tag"></i> shell脚本</a>
          </div>

        

          <div class="post-nav">
            <div class="post-nav-item">
                <a href="/post/d8e0ae4.html" rel="prev" title="LV02-02-shell-02-变量与替换">
                  <i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i> LV02-02-shell-02-变量与替换
                </a>
            </div>
            <div class="post-nav-item">
                <a href="/post/fab0530e.html" rel="next" title="LV02-01-Linux-04-常用命令">
                  LV02-01-Linux-04-常用命令 <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
                </a>
            </div>
          </div>
    </footer>
  </article>
</div>






</div>
  </main>

  <footer class="footer">
    <div class="footer-inner">

  <div class="copyright">
    &copy; 2017 – 
    <span itemprop="copyrightYear">2025</span>
    <span class="with-love">
      <i class="fa fa-heart"></i>
    </span>
    <span class="author" itemprop="copyrightHolder">苏木</span>
  </div>
<div class="wordcount">
  <span class="post-meta-item">
    <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
      <i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i>
    </span>
      <span>站点总字数：</span>
    <span title="站点总字数">3.7m</span>
  </span>
  <span class="post-meta-item">
    <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
      <i class="fa fa-coffee"></i>
    </span>
      <span>站点阅读时长 &asymp;</span>
    <span title="站点阅读时长">225:26</span>
  </span>
</div>




    <span id="sitetime"></span>
    <script defer language=javascript>
        function siteTime()
        {
            window.setTimeout("siteTime()", 1000);
            var seconds = 1000;
            var minutes = seconds * 60;
            var hours = minutes * 60;
            var days = hours * 24;
            var years = days * 365;
            var today = new Date();
            var todayYear = today.getFullYear();
            var todayMonth = today.getMonth()+1;
            var todayDate = today.getDate();
            var todayHour = today.getHours();
            var todayMinute = today.getMinutes();
            var todaySecond = today.getSeconds();
            /*==================================================
            Date.UTC() -- 返回date对象距世界标准时间(UTC)1970年1月1日午夜之间的毫秒数(时间戳)
            year        - 作为date对象的年份，为4位年份值
            month       - 0-11之间的整数，做为date对象的月份
            day         - 1-31之间的整数，做为date对象的天数
            hours       - 0(午夜24点)-23之间的整数，做为date对象的小时数
            minutes     - 0-59之间的整数，做为date对象的分钟数
            seconds     - 0-59之间的整数，做为date对象的秒数
            microseconds - 0-999之间的整数，做为date对象的毫秒数
            ==================================================*/
            var t1 = Date.UTC(2017, 
                              5, 
                              19, 
                              0, 
                              0, 
                              0); //北京时间
            var t2 = Date.UTC(todayYear,todayMonth,todayDate,todayHour,todayMinute,todaySecond);
            var diff = t2-t1;
            var diffYears = Math.floor(diff/years);
            var diffDays = Math.floor((diff/days)-diffYears*365);
            var diffHours = Math.floor((diff-(diffYears*365+diffDays)*days)/hours);
            var diffMinutes = Math.floor((diff-(diffYears*365+diffDays)*days-diffHours*hours)/minutes);
            var diffSeconds = Math.floor((diff-(diffYears*365+diffDays)*days-diffHours*hours-diffMinutes*minutes)/seconds);
            document.getElementById("sitetime").innerHTML="已在这里 "+diffYears+" 年 "+diffDays+" 天 "+diffHours+" 小时 "+diffMinutes+" 分钟 "+diffSeconds+" 秒";
        }
        siteTime();
    </script>



    </div>
  </footer>

  
  <div class="back-to-top" role="button" aria-label="返回顶部">
    <i class="fa fa-arrow-up fa-lg"></i>
    <span>0%</span>
  </div>
  <div class="reading-progress-bar"></div>

<noscript>
  <div class="noscript-warning">Theme NexT works best with JavaScript enabled</div>
</noscript>


  
  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/animejs/3.2.1/anime.min.js" integrity="sha256-XL2inqUJaslATFnHdJOi9GfQ60on8Wx1C2H8DYiN1xY=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/next-theme-pjax/0.6.0/pjax.min.js" integrity="sha256-vxLn1tSKWD4dqbMRyv940UYw4sXgMtYcK6reefzZrao=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/fancyapps-ui/5.0.28/fancybox/fancybox.umd.js" integrity="sha256-ytMJGN3toR+a84u7g7NuHm91VIR06Q41kMWDr2pq7Zo=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/lozad.js/1.16.0/lozad.min.js" integrity="sha256-mOFREFhqmHeQbXpK2lp4nA3qooVgACfh88fpJftLBbc=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="/js/comments.js"></script><script src="/js/utils.js"></script><script src="/js/motion.js"></script><script src="/js/next-boot.js"></script><script src="/js/pjax.js"></script>

  <script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/hexo-generator-searchdb/1.4.1/search.js" integrity="sha256-1kfA5uHPf65M5cphT2dvymhkuyHPQp5A53EGZOnOLmc=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="/js/third-party/search/local-search.js"></script>




  <script src="/js/third-party/fancybox.js"></script>

  <script src="/js/third-party/pace.js"></script>


  




  

  <script class="next-config" data-name="enableMath" type="application/json">false</script><script class="next-config" data-name="mathjax" type="application/json">{"enable":true,"tags":"none","js":{"url":"https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/mathjax/3.2.2/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js","integrity":"sha256-MASABpB4tYktI2Oitl4t+78w/lyA+D7b/s9GEP0JOGI="}}</script>
<script src="/js/third-party/math/mathjax.js"></script>


 
        <div id="click-show-text"
            data-mobile = false
            data-text = 富强,民主,文明,和谐,自由,平等,公正,法制,爱国,敬业,诚信,友善
            data-fontsize = 15px
            data-random= false>
        </div>
       

      
        <script async src=https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/hexo-next-mouse-effect@latest/click/showText.js></script>
      

      
    




    <script async src="/js/fancybox_param.js"></script>





<!-- APlayer本体 -->



</body>
</html>
